Questões de Concurso

Religious Intolerance in India

By THE EDITORIAL BOARDDEC.25,2014

Hope is in danger of crumbling that Prime Minister Narendra Modi would rein in the divisive agenda of his militant Hindunationalist supporters and allow India to concentrate on the important work of economic reform, and the blame lies squarely with Mr. Modi.

During the last days of its winter session ending on Tuesday, Parliament was unable to deal with important legislative business because of repeated adjournments and uproar over attempts by Hindu groups to convert Christians and Muslims. The issue has come to a head following a “homecoming” campaign by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad — groups dedicated to transforming India’s secular democracy into a Hindu state — to “reconvert” Christians and Muslims to Hinduism.

In recent weeks, Hindu militants have engineered conversions of Muslims and Christians in Agra and in the states of Gujarat and Kerala. Police are investigating accusations that people have been induced to participate in mass conversion meetings by a combination of intimidation and bribery, including the promise of food ration cards. Attacks on Christians and their places of worship have intensified in recent weeks. One of New Delhi’s biggest churches burned down on Dec.1 — arson is being blamed — and Christmas carolers were attacked on their way home in the city of Hyderabad on Dec.12.

More than 80 percent of Indians are Hindus, but Muslims, Christians and Sikhs form important religious minorities with centuries of history in India. Religious pluralism and freedom are protected by India’s Constitution. The issue of religious conversion is contentious in India. Many Dalits, known formerly as untouchables, and other low-caste Hindus and Tribals admit they convert to Islam or Christianity primarily to escape crushing caste prejudice and oppression. The main architect of the Constitution, Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar, born a Dalit, famously converted to Buddhism to escape caste-oppression under Hinduism.

A version of this editorial appears in print on December 26, 2014, in The International New York Times.

And Now, Robodoc!

A robot in California performs its first invasive surgery on a human patient.

Medical robots in the U.S. have been used to locate hard-to-find tumors and guide a surgeon’s scalpel, but have never actually performed surgery on people. Now that line has been crossed. At Sutter General Hospital in Sacramento, California, a 90-kg machine called Robodoc has operated on its first human patient: a 64-year-old man with a bad hip.

The robot played a key role in a total hip replacement, one of 500,000 such operations performed each year. The trick in these procedures is to create a snug hole into which the artificial hip snaps. The standard method is to jam a cutting tool into the thighbone with a handheld mallet. Robodoc, using the high-speed drill at the end of its mechanical arm, can ream a cavity that is 20 times as precise.

Robosurgery doesn’t have to stop at the hip. In Europe, where officials are less squeamish about such things, robots have assisted in operations on the brain, the prostate and the inner ear.

(Time International, November 23 1992, p.15)

Rental Business

Renting, also known as hiring, is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property owned by another. A gross lease is when the tenant pays a flat rental amount and the landlord pays for all property charges regularly incurred by the ownership. The rental business in Brazil has grown fantastically in a relatively short period of time and almost without the general public noticing. Renting is not new in the country, and it already covers more items than most consumers might think. For many years it has been common for women to rent hats, dresses, shoes and other items of clothing for weddings. As the Brazilian car industry grew, auto rental agencies appeared by the dozens. Agencies offering temporary help for offices or domestic purposes have been around for quite a long time. But you can also rent items such as furniture as well as decorative plants for home or office. Perhaps the extreme in this area is a company which rents complete new clothing for women and guarantees to exchange and renew. (Adapted from an article by Tom Barnett, “Brazil Herald’s Supplement”)

Rental Business

Renting, also known as hiring, is an agreement where a payment is made for the temporary use of a good, service or property owned by another. A gross lease is when the tenant pays a flat rental amount and the landlord pays for all property charges regularly incurred by the ownership. The rental business in Brazil has grown fantastically in a relatively short period of time and almost without the general public noticing. Renting is not new in the country, and it already covers more items than most consumers might think. For many years it has been common for women to rent hats, dresses, shoes and other items of clothing for weddings. As the Brazilian car industry grew, auto rental agencies appeared by the dozens. Agencies offering temporary help for offices or domestic purposes have been around for quite a long time. But you can also rent items such as furniture as well as decorative plants for home or office. Perhaps the extreme in this area is a company which rents complete new clothing for women and guarantees to exchange and renew. (Adapted from an article by Tom Barnett, “Brazil Herald’s Supplement”)